Rust for Network Programming and Automation (Brian Anderson) (z-library.sk, 1lib.sk, z-lib.sk)

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GitforCits Rust for Network Programming and Automation Learn to Design and Automate Networks, Performance Optimization, and Packet Analysis with iow-level Rust Brian Anderson

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Rust for Network Programming and Automation Learn to Design and Automate Networks, Performance Optimization, and Packet Analysis with low-level Rust Brian Anderson

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Copyright © 2023GitforGits All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-8196228538

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Contents Preface...........................................................................................................................................xi Chapter 1: Basics of Network Automation ................................................................. 1 Need of Network Automation .................................................................................................2Evolution of Network Management ........................................................................................... 2Necessity and Rise of Network Automation ........................................................................... 3Opportunities for Today and Future.......................................................................................... 4 Types of Network Automation................................................................................................ 5Configuration Automation ............................................................................................................. 6Network Monitoring Automation ............................................................................................... 6Provisioning Automation ................................................................................................................ 7Security Automation.......................................................................................................................... 7 Software Defined Networks.....................................................................................................8Understanding SDN Architecture................................................................................................ 8Types of SDN ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Network Protocols ................................................................................................................... 11Role of Network Protocols ........................................................................................................... 11Importance of Network Protocols ............................................................................................ 11Types of Network Protocols ........................................................................................................ 12 Network Automation Tools .................................................................................................. 13Role of Network Automation Tools .......................................................................................... 13Network Automation Tool Categories .................................................................................... 14 Network Automation Architectures .................................................................................. 15Network Devices ...............................................................................................................................15Network Automation Tools ......................................................................................................... 16Network Automation Engine ...................................................................................................... 16 iii

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Summary...................................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2: Essentials of Linux for Networks .......................................................... 20 Overview of Network-Related Commands ...................................................................... 21Purpose of Network Related Commands............................................................................... 21Advantages of Network Commands......................................................................................... 22Examples of Network Commands: ........................................................................................... 24 Using ‘ifconfig’ ............................................................................................................................ 25 Using ‘iwconfig’ .......................................................................................................................... 26 Using ‘dig’..................................................................................................................................... 28 Using ‘traceroute’ .....................................................................................................................29 Using ‘netstat’ ............................................................................................................................. 30 Using ‘nslookup’ ........................................................................................................................ 31 Searching Wireless Devices 32Using ‘iwlist’ ........................................................................................................................................33 Modifying IPv4 Addresses 34Understanding IPv4 .........................................................................................................................34Modifying the Addresses (IPv4) ................................................................................................ 35 Modifying IPv6 Addresses ..................................................................................................... 37 Deleting IP Address.................................................................................................................. 38 Cloning IP Addresses ............................................................................................................... 39What is Cloning of IP Address? .................................................................................................. 39Steps to Clone IP ...............................................................................................................................40How to Clone the IP Address ...................................................................................................... 41Considerations While Cloning IP............................................................................................... 41 Evaluating DNS Server ............................................................................................................42Need of DNS Evaluation ................................................................................................................ 42Steps to Evaluate DNS Server ..................................................................................................... 43 Modifying DNS Server .............................................................................................................44Ways to Modify DNS Server ........................................................................................................ 44 iv

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Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 3: Rust Basics for Networks ........................................................................ 47 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 48 Variables...................................................................................................................................... 48 Constants ..................................................................................................................................... 50 Functions ..................................................................................................................................... 51 Control Flow ............................................................................................................................... 52 If Statements .............................................................................................................................. 54 Loop Statements ....................................................................................................................... 55 While Statements ..................................................................................................................... 57 For Statements .......................................................................................................................... 58 Pattern Matching ...................................................................................................................... 60 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 62 Chapter 4: Core Rust for Networks............................................................................ 64 Mutability .................................................................................................................................... 65Overview ..............................................................................................................................................65Application of Mutability in Network Programming ........................................................65Sample Program on Mutability .................................................................................................. 65 Ownership................................................................................................................................... 67Overview ..............................................................................................................................................67Sample Program on Ownership ................................................................................................. 67 Borrowing ................................................................................................................................... 69Overview ..............................................................................................................................................69Sample Program on Borrowing ................................................................................................. 69Borrowing for Data Buffers ......................................................................................................... 70 Structs........................................................................................................................................... 71Overview ..............................................................................................................................................71Struct Syntax .......................................................................................................................................72 Enums & Pattern Matching ................................................................................................... 73 v

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Overview ..............................................................................................................................................73Enum Syntax .......................................................................................................................................74Pattern Matching ..............................................................................................................................74Use of Enums ......................................................................................................................................75Enums for Simple Server .............................................................................................................. 75Data Enumeration ............................................................................................................................76 Traits ............................................................................................................................................ 77Using Trait Syntax ............................................................................................................................78Sample Program to use Trait in Networks ............................................................................78 Error Handling........................................................................................................................... 80Overview ..............................................................................................................................................80Result, Ok and Err.............................................................................................................................80Panic! Macro .......................................................................................................................................81 Summary...................................................................................................................................... 82 Chapter 5: Rust Commands for Networks ............................................................. 84 Standard Commands In-Use .................................................................................................85 Networking Commands .......................................................................................................... 86std::net ..................................................................................................................................................86tokio .......................................................................................................................................................88hyper ......................................................................................................................................................90env_logger............................................................................................................................................92reqwest .................................................................................................................................................94 Summary...................................................................................................................................... 96 Chapter 6: Programming & Designing Networks ............................................... 98 LAN................................................................................................................................................ 99Overview of LAN Setup ..................................................................................................................99Defining Network Topology using Graphviz ........................................................................99Assign IP Address .......................................................................................................................... 100Configure Network Devices using Netlink ......................................................................... 102 vi

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WAN.............................................................................................................................................106Overview of WAN Setup 106Determine Network Requirements 107Choose the WAN Technology ................................................................................................... 107Select a WAN Service Provider................................................................................................ 107Configure the WAN Routers ..................................................................................................... 107Configure the WAN Interfaces ................................................................................................. 107 WLAN .........................................................................................................................................108Overview of WLAN Setup .......................................................................................................... 108End-to-end Setup of a WLAN ................................................................................................... 109 Cloud Networks .......................................................................................................................112End-to-end Setup of a Cloud Network .................................................................................112 VPN .............................................................................................................................................116Stages to Configure a VPN ......................................................................................................... 116Rust Program to Setup VPN...................................................................................................... 117 Data Center Network.............................................................................................................119Stages to Setup a Data Center Network ............................................................................... 119Rust Program to Setup a Data Center Network................................................................121 Summary ...................................................................................................................................123 Chapter 7: Establishing & Managing Network Protocols...............................125 Establishing TCP/IP ...............................................................................................................126Choose Port Number ................................................................................................................... 126Bind to a Socket .............................................................................................................................. 126Accept Incoming Connections ................................................................................................. 126Process Incoming Data ............................................................................................................... 127Handle Errors .................................................................................................................................. 127 Choose Port Number .............................................................................................................128Allocation of Port Numbers ...................................................................................................... 128Application-wise Port Numbers 128 vii

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Selection of Rust Networking Library ............................................................................ 129Tokio ................................................................................................................................................... 130Mio ....................................................................................................................................................... 130Rust-async ........................................................................................................................................ 130 Installing and Configuring Tokio ..................................................................................... 130 Installing and Configuring Mio ......................................................................................... 132 Installing and Configuring Rust-async ........................................................................... 133 Creating TCP Listener/Binding Socket .......................................................................... 133Understanding Binding Sockets and TCP Listening ....................................................... 133Create TCP Listener using Tokio and Mio 134Create TCP Listener using Rust-async 138 Accept Incoming Connections ........................................................................................... 139Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 139Steps to Accept Connections .................................................................................................... 139Accept Incoming Connections using Tokio ....................................................................... 140Accept Incoming Connections using Mio 141Accept Incoming Connections using Rust-async 143 Processing of Incoming Data ............................................................................................. 144Process Incoming Data with Tokio........................................................................................ 145Process Incoming Data with Mio............................................................................................ 146Process Incoming Data with Rust-async ............................................................................. 149 Handle Errors.......................................................................................................................... 151Handling Errors using Tokio.................................................................................................... 152Handling Errors using Mio........................................................................................................ 153Handling Errors using Rust-async ......................................................................................... 156 Summary................................................................................................................................... 157 Chapter 8: Packet & Network Analysis ................................................................159 Understanding Packets........................................................................................................ 160 Packet Manipulation Tools ................................................................................................ 161 viii

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Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 161pnet ...................................................................................................................................................... 162libtin .................................................................................................................................................... 164 Create a Packet Capture Loop ............................................................................................165Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 165Packet Capture Process .............................................................................................................. 165Capturing Packets using pnet .................................................................................................. 166 Process the Captured Packets............................................................................................169Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 169Procedure to Process Captured Packets .............................................................................169Processing Captured Packets using pnet ............................................................................170 Analyze the Captured Packets ...........................................................................................172Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 172Packet Analysis Use-cases ......................................................................................................... 172Analyzing Packets .......................................................................................................................... 173 Summary ...................................................................................................................................174 Chapter 9: Network Performance Monitoring ..................................................176 Network and Performance Monitoring ..........................................................................177Why Monitoring Networks? ..................................................................................................... 177Performance Monitoring Techniques .................................................................................. 178 Network Performance Metrics & Indicators ................................................................ 179Understanding Network Performance Metrics ................................................................179Exploring Network Performance Indicators ..................................................................... 180 Monitoring Network Availability......................................................................................182Setting Up the Project ................................................................................................................. 182Implementing Network Monitoring...................................................................................... 182Setting Up Monitoring Alerts ................................................................................................... 183Putting It All Together ................................................................................................................ 184Running the Application ............................................................................................................ 185 ix

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Monitoring Network Utilization ....................................................................................... 186Setting Up the Project ................................................................................................................. 186Implementing Network Utilization Monitoring ............................................................... 186Setting Up Monitoring Alerts ................................................................................................... 188Putting It All Together ................................................................................................................ 188Running the Application ............................................................................................................ 191 Monitoring Latency, Packet Loss and Jitter.................................................................. 191Installing the pingr Crate ........................................................................................................... 191Sending Ping Requests ............................................................................................................... 192Continuously Monitoring Latency ......................................................................................... 193 Summary................................................................................................................................... 194 x

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Preface Rust for Network Programming and Automation is a pragmatic guide that trains you through the Rust to design networks and begin with automating network administration. The book introduces you to the powerful libraries and commands of Rust that are essential for designing, administering and automating networks. You will learn how to use Rust's networking libraries like tokio, mio and rust-async to create scalable and efficient network applications. The book provides a wide range of practical examples and use-cases, which help to simplify complex coding concepts and ensure that you understand the material in-depth. You will discover how to establish network protocols like TCP and IP networks, run packet and network analysis, measure performance indicators and set up monitoring alerts and notifications. The book is an excellent resource for network engineers and administrators who want to gain a deep understanding of Rust programming for networking. The author of "Rust for Network Programming and Automation" has a wealth of experience in network programming and automation with practical insights. The book is perfect for anyone who wants to master Rust programming for network automation and gain a competitive edge in the field. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced programmer, this book will provide you with the knowledge and skills you need to excel in network programming and automation using Rust. In this book you will learn how to: • Use Rust to automate network configuration, deployment, and maintenance tasks • Capture and inspect packets, decode protocols, and analyze network traffic • Set up monitoring alerts, notifications, and manage network infrastructure • Create scripts and applications that automate repetitive network tasks • Monitor network performance indicators like latency, throughput, and packet loss • Understand Rust's syntax, data types, control structures, and functions • Make use of Rust's networking libraries like Tokio, mio and rust-async to create networking programs • Establish network connections and handle data transmission between different devices xi

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GitforGits Prerequisites This book assumes you are absolutely new to rust programming and believes in rust to make some of the great performing applications. If you know any other programming prior to this book, reading this book at speed can finish truly in a day. Rust is a modern, safe and efficient systems programming language that is widely used in industry and is a good choice for developers who want to build high-performance, concurrent, and safe systems. Codes Usage Are you in need of some helpful code examples to assist you in your programming and documentation? Look no further! Our book offers a wealth of supplemental material, including code examples and exercises. Not only is this book here to aid you in getting your job done, but you have our permission to use the example code in your programs and documentation. However, please note that if you are reproducing a significant portion of the code, we do require you to contact us for permission. But don't worry, using several chunks of code from this book in your program or answering a question by citing our book and quoting example code does not require permission. But if you do choose to give credit, an attribution typically includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example, "Rust for Network Programming and Automation by Brian Anderson". If you are unsure whether your intended use of the code examples falls under fair use or the permissions outlined above, please do not hesitate to reach out to us at kittenpub.kdp@gmail.com. We are happy to assist and clarify any concerns. xii

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Acknowledgement Brian Anderson expresses his gratitude to all of the other contributors to Rust and work tirelessly to improve the quality of the programming language. Brian would want to express his gratitude to the copywriters, tech editors, and reviewers who helped create a powerful yet simple book that outperforms rust coding in a relatively short period of time. And, lastly to his entire family and friends extending their support to finish the project at the earliest. xiii

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Chapter 1: Basics of Network Automation 1

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Need of Network Automation Evolution of Network Management Network automation refers to the use of software tools and technologies to simplify and automate the management, configuration, and operation of computer networks. It involves leveraging various technologies, including machine learning, artificial intelligence, and orchestration, to enable networks to operate more efficiently, accurately, and securely. Network automation has evolved significantly over the years, driven by the need to reduce complexity, improve reliability, and increase agility in network management. In the early days of computer networking, network automation was limited to basic scripting and command-line interfaces. This was a time-consuming and error-prone process that required extensive manual intervention by network engineers. As networks grew in complexity, it became increasingly challenging to manage them using these traditional methods. The introduction of network management systems (NMS) in the 1990s marked the beginning of the evolution of network automation. NMS software allowed network engineers to manage and monitor networks from a centralized location, reducing the need for manual intervention. NMS also made it possible to collect and analyze network data, providing insights into network performance, usage, and security. In the 2000s, the rise of software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) led to a significant shift in network automation. These technologies allowed networks to be virtualized, abstracting network resources from the underlying hardware. This made it possible to create and manage networks more flexibly, without the need for extensive manual intervention. With the advent of cloud computing, network automation has become even more critical. Cloud networks are highly dynamic, with workloads moving between virtual machines and containers in real-time. This has led to the development of automation tools that can detect and respond to changes in the network automatically. These tools use machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms to identify potential issues and recommend or take corrective actions. Today, network automation is an integral part of modern network management. It enables organizations to create, configure, and manage networks more efficiently and accurately, reducing the risk of errors and downtime. Network automation also allows network engineers to focus on higher-level tasks, such as network design and optimization, rather 2

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than routine maintenance and configuration. Overall, network automation has evolved significantly over the years, driven by the need to manage increasingly complex networks more efficiently and accurately. The introduction of network management systems, software-defined networking, and cloud computing has played a significant role in this evolution. Today, network automation is a critical component of modern network management, enabling organizations to improve network reliability, security, and agility. Necessity and Rise of Network Automation The demand and necessity for network automation by businesses are driven by several factors, including the increasing complexity of network infrastructures, the need for greater agility and efficiency, and the rising threat of cybersecurity attacks. Given below are some facts and statistics that highlight the demand and necessity of network automation by businesses: Network Complexity: Today's networks are more complex than ever before, with multiple devices, applications, and services requiring configuration and management. According to a survey by Enterprise Management Associates, 82% of organizations reported that their networks have become more complex over the past five years. Time and Cost Savings: Network automation can save businesses both time and money. A report by Juniper Networks found that network automation could reduce the time required for routine network configuration tasks by up to 90%. In addition, automation can reduce the risk of errors and downtime, which can be costly for businesses. Greater Agility: Businesses need to be able to respond quickly to changes in the market, and network automation can help them do so. A study by Enterprise Management Associates found that businesses that adopted network automation were able to respond to changes in network infrastructure up to 10 times faster than those that did not. Cybersecurity: The threat of cybersecurity attacks is a growing concern for businesses, and network automation can help to mitigate this risk. According to a study by the Ponemon Institute, 75% of businesses believe that automation can improve their cybersecurity posture. Employee Productivity: Network automation can free up IT staff to focus on more strategic tasks, which can improve employee productivity. According to a survey by Network World, 75% of IT professionals believe that network automation can improve 3

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employee productivity. Business Continuity: Downtime can be costly for businesses, and network automation can help to ensure business continuity. A report by Cisco found that businesses that use network automation experience 60% less downtime than those that do not. Cloud Adoption: Cloud adoption is on the rise, and network automation can help businesses to manage their cloud infrastructures more efficiently. A survey by the Cloud Security Alliance found that 50% of businesses use network automation to manage their cloud networks. To summarize, the demand and necessity for network automation by businesses are driven by a range of factors, including network complexity, time and cost savings, greater agility, cybersecurity, employee productivity, business continuity, and cloud adoption. With the increasing complexity of networks and the growing threat of cybersecurity attacks, businesses that adopt network automation are better positioned to improve their network performance, reduce downtime, and respond quickly to changes in the market. Opportunities for Today and Future As network automation continues to gain prominence in the IT industry, a wide range of career roles has emerged in this field. Given below are some of the key roles in network automation and the responsibilities that they typically take care of: Network Automation Engineer: A network automation engineer is responsible for developing and implementing software tools and scripts to automate network management processes. They are responsible for designing and implementing automated network solutions, analyzing network performance data, and troubleshooting issues related to network automation. A network automation engineer should have a good understanding of network protocols, scripting languages, and automation tools such as Ansible and Python. Network Automation Architect: A network automation architect is responsible for designing and implementing the overall network automation strategy for an organization. They are responsible for developing network automation policies, procedures, and standards, and for ensuring that network automation solutions align with business objectives. A network automation architect should have a deep understanding of network architecture, automation tools, and best practices for network automation. Network Automation Developer: A network automation developer is responsible for 4

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developing software applications and tools to automate network management processes. They are responsible for writing code to automate network tasks, developing software modules, and integrating third-party software tools. A network automation developer should have expertise in software development, scripting languages, and automation tools such as Ansible and Python. Network Automation Analyst: A network automation analyst is responsible for analyzing network performance data to identify opportunities for automation. They are responsible for monitoring network activity, identifying areas for improvement, and recommending automation solutions. A network automation analyst should have expertise in network analytics, automation tools, and data analysis. Network Automation Manager: A network automation manager is responsible for overseeing the development and implementation of network automation solutions. They are responsible for managing a team of network automation engineers and developers, developing network automation policies and standards, and ensuring that network automation solutions align with business objectives. A network automation manager should have expertise in network architecture, automation tools, and project management. Cloud Automation Engineer: A cloud automation engineer is responsible for developing and implementing software solutions to automate cloud infrastructure management processes. They are responsible for designing and implementing automated solutions for cloud platforms such as AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, analyzing cloud performance data, and troubleshooting issues related to cloud automation. A cloud automation engineer should have a good understanding of cloud architecture, scripting languages, and cloud automation tools such as Terraform and Ansible. Overall, network automation offers a wide range of career opportunities for individuals with a passion for technology and an interest in automating complex processes. Whether you are a software developer, network engineer, or data analyst, there is a role in network automation that can suit your skills and interests. With the growing demand for network automation solutions, the need for skilled professionals in this field is only set to increase. Types of Network Automation Network automation is the process of automating the configuration, management, and monitoring of network devices and services. There are several types of network automation, each with their own specific applications and benefits. Following are the four types of network automation and provides examples of each type of automation function. 5