Unity Game Development A Beginners Guide to Game Programming (Jiho Seok) (z-library.sk, 1lib.sk, z-lib.sk)
Author: Jiho Seok
绘本
What You Will Gain After Obtaining This Book: Mastery of Unity 2022.3 : Understand and utilize the full range of features offered by the latest Unity version. Foundational Programming Skills: Learn C# from the ground up within the context of game development. Comprehensive Understanding of Game Mechanics: Gain insights into both 2D and 3D game development techniques. Ability to Create and Manipulate Audio: Equip yourself with the skills to incorporate and optimize audio within your games. Expertise in Advanced Rendering: Explore the creation and implementation of complex shaders to enhance your game's visual appeal. Problem-Solving and Creative Thinking: Develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills that are essential in troubleshooting and creative game design. "Unity Game Development: A Beginner's Guide to Game Programming," is ideally suited for: Aspiring Game Developers: Individuals interested in starting a career in game development and seeking a comprehensive introduction to Unity and C#. Hobbyists and Enthusiasts: Those who are passionate about games and want to try their hand at creating their own games for personal enjoyment. Indie Game Designers: Independent creators looking for an accessible resource to refine their development skills and enhance their existing projects. Educators and Trainers: Instructors who need a current and comprehensive resource to teach game development fundamentals effectively. it's your gateway to the thrilling world of game creation. It promises to transform your curiosity into a skilled passion, preparing you to contribute to the next generation of breathtaking games. Start your journey today, and let Unity be the foundation of your game development career!
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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of the author. This book is provided for informational purposes only and, while every attempt has been made to ensure its accuracy, the contents are the author's opinions and views. The author or publisher shall not be liable for any loss of profit or any other damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. All trademarks, service marks, product names or named features are assumed to be the property of their respective owners, and are used only for reference. There is no implied endorsement if we use any of these terms.
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Terms and Definitions ❖ Unity Editor : The interface where users create and manipulate game environments, write scripts, import assets, and configure project settings. ❖ GameObject : The fundamental object in Unity that represents characters, props, scenery, cameras, lights, and more in a scene. ❖ Component : Components are scripts or systems that can be attached to GameObjects to give them behavior, appearance, and functionality. ❖ Transform : A component that determines the position, rotation, and scale of a GameObject in the scene. ❖ Prefab : A reusable GameObject stored in the Project that can be used multiple times in a scene or across multiple scenes. ❖ Scene : A file in Unity that contains GameObjects and their components, representing different levels, menus, or environments within the game. ❖ Asset : Any item in your project folder, including 3D models, textures, audio clips, and scripts. These are used to build your game in the Unity Editor. ❖ Inspector : A panel in the Unity Editor used to view and edit the properties of selected GameObjects or assets.
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❖ Hierarchy : A panel in Unity that shows the tree view of every GameObject in the current scene. ❖ Canvas : The component used to create and manage UI (User Interface) elements in a scene. ❖ Collider : A component that defines the shape of an object for the purposes of physical collisions in a scene. ❖ Rigidbody : A component that allows a GameObject to act under the control of the physics engine. ❖ Script : A piece of code that you write to create the logic of how your GameObjects behave in the game. ❖ Shader : A computer program that determines how different elements of a game are visually rendered on the screen. ❖ Material : An asset that defines the visual appearance of a surface, including its color, texture, and reflective properties, often using Shaders. ❖ Animation : The process of creating motion and shape changes by modifying the properties of objects over time. ❖ Animator : A component in Unity used to control animations for a GameObject, based on Animation Clips and Animator Controllers.
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❖ Light : A component that illuminates parts of the scene so they are visible. There are various types, including Directional, Point, and Spot lights. ❖ Camera : A component that captures and displays the game from a specific point of view. Cameras determine what the player sees on their screen. ❖ Build : The process of compiling and exporting the game into a standalone application that can be run on various platforms like Windows, macOS, iOS, or Android. ❖ Asset Store : An online marketplace run by Unity where developers can buy or sell assets, tools, and plugins to use in their projects. ❖ NavMesh : A system within Unity used to generate and manage complex navigation surfaces for AI characters to move intelligently through a game environment. ❖ Physics Engine : The part of Unity that simulates physical interactions between objects, handling things like gravity, collisions, and other forces. ❖ Particle System : A component in Unity used to simulate fluids and small solid objects by generating and managing a large number of small particles. ❖ Layer : A way to organize objects in the Unity Editor that can be used to control rendering and interaction logic separately for different groups of objects.
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❖ Tag : A label assigned to a GameObject for identification purposes, allowing for simpler interaction and access in scripting. ❖ Scriptable Object : A data container in Unity that can store large amounts of shared data independent from class instances, useful for saving configurations or settings. ❖ Raycasting : The process of shooting an invisible ray from a point in space into a specified direction, often used for line of sight, shooting mechanics, or detecting what the player is looking at. ❖ Viewport : The portion of the Unity Editor window that displays either the Scene being edited or the Game as it is being played. ❖ Audio Source : A component that plays audio clips in a scene at a position or attached to a GameObject. ❖ Audio Listener : A component that receives audio signals; usually attached to the camera to simulate audio perception from the player's perspective. ❖ Terrain : A component used to create large-scale landscapes in Unity, which can be sculpted and textured in the editor to represent outdoor environments. ❖ LOD (Level of Detail) : A system that adjusts the quality and complexity of models based on their distance from the camera to improve performance.
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❖ Baking : The process of pre-computing resource-intensive data (like lighting or navigation paths) and storing it in a way that is faster to access during gameplay. ❖ Skybox : A component that renders a background environment or skyline around the entire scene, typically as a large sphere or cube, that appears distant from the viewer. ❖ Scripting API : The set of classes, methods, and interfaces provided by Unity that developers use to write scripts. ❖ Mesh : The collection of vertices, edges, and faces that define the shape of a 3D object in a scene. ❖ MonoBehaviour : The base class from which most scripts derive in Unity, providing access to game lifecycle events like Start, Update, and others. ❖ Time.deltaTime : A variable in Unity that tells you the time passed since the last frame was rendered, useful for making game behavior frame rate independent.
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Preface Introduction to Game Development Why Unity and C#? How to Get the Most Out of This Book Part I: Introduction to Unity Chapter 1 : Getting to Know Unity Installing Unity Hub and Unity Editor Overview of the Unity Editor Interface Unity Versions and Licensing The Unity Asset Store Introduction to Unity's Architecture and Script Lifecycle Enhancing Game Performance Debugging Scenarios Advanced Event Handling for Performance and Debugging Unity's User Interface (UI) System Chapter 2: Unity Basics
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Understanding GameObjects and Components The Scene View and Game View Importing Assets and Asset Management Organizing Your Project with Folders and Naming Conventions Navigation and Hotkeys Chapter 3: Introduction to Scripting in C# Your First C# Script in Unity Variables Specialized Types Using Types in Unity Operators Arithmetic Operators Assignment Operators Comparison Operators Logical Operators Conditional Operator
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Bitwise Operators Understanding Operators in Context Control Flow: If Statements Loops in C# Scripting Loop Control Statements Switch Statements in Unity C# Scripting Practical example Understanding the Movement Pattern Script Setup How It Works Understanding Namespaces and Using Unity Libraries Basic Debugging in Unity Part II: Building Blocks of Game Development Chapter 4 : Scripting Fundamentals Functions and Methods in C# MonoBehaviour Lifecycle Methods
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Understanding Classes and Objects in Unity C# Class Relationships Advanced Class Features Object Interaction and Collaboration Unity-Specific Considerations Encapsulation Inheritance Polymorphism Arrays Lists Dictionaries Chapter 5 : Working with GameObjects Transforming GameObjects Position Example 1: Applying Forces Example 2: Setting Velocity Directly
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Rotation Scale Basic Movement Controls Input Handling for Movement Implementing Character Jumping Top-Down Movement Mechanics Tips for Polishing Your Top-Down Movement Controlling Movement Speed Variations Implementing Dash Mechanism Prefabs Colliders Material Is Trigger Used By Effector Composite Operation Offset
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Radius Layer Overrides Info Section Utilizing Edge Colliders for Efficient Boundaries Collider Bounds: Accessing and Using Collider Dimensions Layer-Based Collision Detection: Optimizing Performance Kinematic vs. Dynamic Colliders Non-Uniform Scaling: A Word of Caution The Role of Rigidbody Adding Rigidbody to Your GameObject Understanding Rigidbody Properties Practical Use of Rigidbody Physics Interactions Tips for Using Rigidbody Layers Tags
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Wrapping Up Chapter 6: Mastering Camera Dynamics Camera Types and Perspectives Basic Camera Movements Advanced Camera Follow Techniques Detailed Explanation Camera Constraints Dynamic Zooming Camera Shakes How It Works: Chapter 7: Mastering Unity UI Introduction to Unity's UI System Conclusion Designing UI Elements in Unity Importance of Illustrator in Game Development Integrating Photoshop and Illustrator with Unity
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Responsive UI Design Understanding Rect Transform in Unity UI UI Interaction Dynamic UI Updates Advanced UI Effects Integrating UI with Game Systems Optimizing UI Performance Accessibility in UI Chapter 8: Mastering Sound in Unity Introduction to Unity's Audio System Audio Sources Audio Listeners Conclusion Importing and Managing Audio Files Controlling Audio Playback Audio Mixing
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Audio Effects and Filters Implementing Adaptive Audio Optimizing Game Audio for Performance Chapter 9: Introduction to Shaders Introduction to Shaders in Unity Types of Shaders Understanding ShaderLab Syntax Writing Your First Shader Surface Shaders and Texturing Lighting Models Transparency and Blending Using Shader Properties Optimizing Shaders Advanced Shader Techniques Appendix A: C# Basics Cheat Sheet Basic Syntax
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Functions Classes and Objects Commonly Used Libraries Example Snippets Appendix B: Unity Shortcuts and Tips Editor Shortcuts Interface Tips Performance Optimization Tips Asset Management Tips Additional Resources Final Words
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PREFACE T he importance of learning game programming cannot be overstated. It's not merely about coding or designing; it's about storytelling, problem-solving, and innovating. Game programming is an art form that allows creators to weave interactive stories, challenge players with puzzles and tasks, and, most importantly, bring joy and entertainment into the lives of millions. The video game industry is a testament to the boundless creativity and technical prowess of its architects. From pixelated 2D sprites to breathtaking 3D environments, the evolution of video games is a journey marked by relentless innovation and creativity. Many of the greats in the technology and gaming industry began their illustrious careers developing video games. These pioneers, armed with nothing but their passion for games and a determination to learn, laid the groundwork for the multi-billion dollar industry we know today. Figures such as John Carmack, Shigeru Miyamoto, and Hideo Kojima started with simple projects and humble beginnings. Their early work, driven by curiosity and a love for games, not only honed their programming skills but also their understanding of what makes a game truly engaging and memorable For example, Elon Musk, a figure synonymous with cutting-edge technology and innovation, developed a simple space-themed video game called 'Blastar' at the age of 12. This early interest in programming and technology foreshadowed his future successes with companies such as Tesla and SpaceX. Similarly, Markus Persson, better known as Notch, began his career in game development before creating Minecraft, a game that revolutionized the gaming industry and became a cultural phenomenon For aspiring developers,
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game programming serves as an unparalleled platform for sharpening one's coding skills, fostering creativity, and understanding the dynamics of software development. The process of creating a game encompasses a broad spectrum of computer science fundamentals, including algorithms, data structures, design patterns, and software engineering principles. Furthermore, game development is interdisciplinary, blending art, storytelling, psychology, and technology. This holistic approach ensures that one's programming skills are not developed in isolation but are complemented by a rich understanding of other crucial aspects. This book is designed with the beginner in mind, aiming to demystify the process of game development and make programming accessible and enjoyable. We will start from the very basics, introducing you to Unity and C# in a manner that is thorough yet engaging. Each chapter builds upon the last, ensuring that you are not merely learning but understanding and applying your knowledge. Through practical examples, exercises, and the occasional digression into the history and theory behind game development, we aim to foster a deep love for game programming. As you embark on this journey, remember that every expert was once a beginner. The path to mastery is paved with challenges, mistakes, and learning opportunities. This book is your guide through the highs and lows of game development, offering insights into the industry and practical advice for overcoming obstacles. Whether your goal is to develop the next indie hit, contribute to a major game title, or simply explore the possibilities of game programming, this book is for you.
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