SAP S4HANA Administration (Mark Mergaerts Bert Vanstechelman)（Z-Library）
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SAP PRESS is a joint initiative of SAP and Rheinwerk Publishing. The know-how offered by SAP specialists combined with the expertise of Rheinwerk Publishing offers the reader expert books in the field. SAP PRESS features first-hand information and expert advice, and provides useful skills for professional decision-making. SAP PRESS offers a variety of books on technical and business-related topics for the SAP user. For further information, please visit our website: http://www.sap-press.com. Mark Mergaerts, Bert Vanstechelman SAP HANA 2.0 Administration 2022, 1056 pages, hardcover and e-book www.sap-press.com/5287 Denys van Kempen SAP HANA 2.0 Certification Guide: Technology Associate Exam 2021, 611 pages, paperback and e-book www.sap-press.com/5078 Alessandro Banzer, Alexander Sambill Authorizations in SAP S/4HANA and SAP Fiori 2022, 625 pages, hardcover and e-book www.sap-press.com/5203 Jonathan Haun SAP HANA 2.0 Security Guide (2nd Edition) 2020, 608 pages, hardcover and e-book www.sap-press.com/4982 Steve Biskie Auditing SAP S/4HANA 2023, 509 pages, hardcover and e-book www.sap-press.com/5526
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Mark Mergaerts, Bert Vanstechelman SAP S/4HANA® Administration
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Notes on Usage This e-book is protected by copyright. By purchasing this e-book, you have agreed to accept and adhere to the copyrights. You are entitled to use this e-book for personal pur- poses. You may print and copy it, too, but also only for personal use. Sharing an electronic or printed copy with others, however, is not permitted, neither as a whole nor in parts. Of course, making them available on the Internet or in a company network is illegal as well. For detailed and legally binding usage conditions, please refer to the section Legal Notes. This e-book copy contains a digital watermark, a signature that indicates which person may use this copy:
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Imprint This e-book is a publication many contributed to, specifically: Editor Meagan White Acquisitions Editor Hareem Shafi Copyeditor Melinda Rankin Cover Design Graham Geary Photo Credit Shutterstock: 2073384821/© ARVD73 Layout Design Vera Brauner Production E-Book Graham Geary Typesetting E-Book SatzPro, Germany We hope that you liked this e-book. Please share your feedback with us and read the Service Pages to find out how to contact us. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Control Number: 2023945757 ISBN 978-1-4932-2392-3 (print) ISBN 978-1-4932-2393-0 (e-book) ISBN 978-1-4932-2394-7 (print and e-book) © 2024 by Rheinwerk Publishing, Inc., Boston (MA) 1st edition 2024
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Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 1 The Future of the Basis Administrator 31 1.1 SAP S/4HANA: On-Premise and in the Cloud ............................................................ 32 1.2 RISE with SAP ........................................................................................................................... 33 1.2.1 The Intelligent Enterprise .................................................................................... 33 1.2.2 Application Management Services ................................................................... 35 1.3 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 36 2 Overview of the ABAP Platform 37 2.1 Components of the ABAP Platform ............................................................................... 38 2.1.1 SAP System ............................................................................................................... 38 2.1.2 Instances ................................................................................................................... 39 2.2 Client/Server Architecture ................................................................................................ 42 2.3 Presentation Layer ................................................................................................................ 43 2.3.1 SAP GUI ...................................................................................................................... 43 2.3.2 SAP Business Client ................................................................................................ 49 2.3.3 SAP Fiori ..................................................................................................................... 50 2.4 Application Layer ................................................................................................................... 53 2.4.1 Work Processes and the Dispatcher ................................................................. 53 2.4.2 Services Provided by the SAP System ............................................................... 54 2.4.3 Number of Processes ............................................................................................. 56 2.4.4 Structure of a Work Process ................................................................................ 57 2.4.5 Monitoring Processes ............................................................................................ 59 2.4.6 Instance Memory .................................................................................................... 59 2.5 Database Layer ....................................................................................................................... 60 2.5.1 In-Memory Database ............................................................................................ 61 2.5.2 Column-Store Database ....................................................................................... 62 2.5.3 SAP HANA Instances .............................................................................................. 64 2.5.4 SAP HANA Services ................................................................................................. 64 2.5.5 SAP HANA Databases ............................................................................................ 657
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Contents2.6 SAP S/4HANA and the Internet ....................................................................................... 66 2.6.1 Internet Communication Manager .................................................................. 67 2.6.2 Configuring Internet Services ............................................................................. 68 2.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 70 3 Architecture 71 3.1 Component Overview ......................................................................................................... 71 3.2 Dialog Processing .................................................................................................................. 75 3.3 Background Processing ....................................................................................................... 78 3.3.1 Background Jobs ..................................................................................................... 78 3.3.2 Scheduling Background Jobs .............................................................................. 88 3.3.3 Monitoring and Troubleshooting ..................................................................... 93 3.3.4 Background Job Analysis ...................................................................................... 98 3.3.5 Troubleshooting the Background Processor ................................................. 99 3.3.6 Standard Housekeeping ....................................................................................... 101 3.4 Updating .................................................................................................................................... 106 3.4.1 Section Technical Background ........................................................................... 106 3.4.2 Configuration .......................................................................................................... 109 3.4.3 Update Load-Balancing ........................................................................................ 112 3.4.4 Monitoring and Troubleshooting ..................................................................... 114 3.4.5 Reorganization ........................................................................................................ 120 3.5 Lock Management ................................................................................................................. 121 3.5.1 Lock Objects .............................................................................................................. 121 3.5.2 Lock Owners ............................................................................................................. 123 3.5.3 Lock Table .................................................................................................................. 124 3.5.4 Configuration .......................................................................................................... 126 3.5.5 Monitoring and Troubleshooting ..................................................................... 126 3.6 Output Management ........................................................................................................... 131 3.6.1 Spool Requests and the TemSe Storage Area ............................................... 132 3.6.2 Printing in SAP ......................................................................................................... 134 3.6.3 Configuring Spool Servers and Spool Processes ........................................... 135 3.6.4 Configuring Devices .............................................................................................. 140 3.6.5 Transporting Devices ............................................................................................ 149 3.6.6 Device Types ............................................................................................................. 150 3.6.7 Spool and Output Request Management ...................................................... 154 3.6.8 Printing Assistant for Landscapes ..................................................................... 1608
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Contents3.7 Internet and Communication .......................................................................................... 165 3.7.1 Internet Communication Manager .................................................................. 165 3.7.2 Internet Communication Framework ............................................................. 173 3.7.3 Internet Transaction Server ................................................................................ 181 3.7.4 SAPconnect ............................................................................................................... 187 3.8 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 196 4 Technical Requirements and Operations 197 4.1 Product Availability Matrix ............................................................................................... 198 4.1.1 Product Information .............................................................................................. 199 4.1.2 Supported Platforms ............................................................................................. 201 4.2 SAP S/4HANA Application Layer on Linux and UNIX ............................................. 202 4.2.1 Supported Platforms ............................................................................................. 203 4.2.2 Directory Structure ................................................................................................ 204 4.2.3 Using Aliases to Navigate Directories ............................................................. 206 4.2.4 Transport Directory ................................................................................................ 207 4.2.5 SAP Host Agent ....................................................................................................... 209 4.2.6 Users and Groups ................................................................................................... 209 4.2.7 Directories and Files Owned by root ................................................................ 209 4.2.8 Network Services and Ports ................................................................................ 210 4.2.9 Processes ................................................................................................................... 211 4.3 SAP S/4HANA Application Layer on Microsoft Windows .................................... 212 4.3.1 Supported Platforms ............................................................................................. 212 4.3.2 Directory Structure and Network Shares ....................................................... 213 4.3.3 Transport Directory ................................................................................................ 215 4.3.4 SAP Host Agent ....................................................................................................... 215 4.3.5 Users and Groups ................................................................................................... 216 4.3.6 Network Services and Ports ................................................................................ 217 4.3.7 Processes ................................................................................................................... 217 4.4 SAP HANA Database Layer ................................................................................................ 219 4.4.1 Network Services and Ports ................................................................................ 220 4.4.2 Directory Structure ................................................................................................ 220 4.4.3 Users and Groups ................................................................................................... 224 4.4.4 Processes ................................................................................................................... 225 4.5 Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring Instances on Linux and UNIX ................. 226 4.5.1 Starting and Stopping ........................................................................................... 226 4.5.2 Monitoring Instances ............................................................................................ 2289
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Contents4.5.3 Information about Work Processes .................................................................. 228 4.5.4 The dpmon Program .............................................................................................. 229 4.6 Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring Instances on Microsoft Windows ........ 231 4.6.1 Starting and Stopping ........................................................................................... 232 4.6.2 Monitoring Instances ............................................................................................ 234 4.7 Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring SAP HANA ....................................................... 235 4.7.1 Starting and Stopping the SAP HANA System .............................................. 235 4.7.2 Starting and Stopping Tenant Databases ...................................................... 238 4.7.3 Monitoring SAP HANA .......................................................................................... 240 4.8 Troubleshooting SAP S/4HANA Instances .................................................................. 244 4.8.1 Displaying Developer Traces ............................................................................... 245 4.8.2 Interpreting a Trace ............................................................................................... 246 4.8.3 Changing the Trace Level ..................................................................................... 246 4.8.4 Limiting Disk Space for Traces ........................................................................... 249 4.8.5 Resetting a Trace .................................................................................................... 250 4.9 Troubleshooting the SAP HANA Database System ................................................ 250 4.9.1 Trace Files .................................................................................................................. 250 4.9.2 Dump Files ................................................................................................................ 253 4.9.3 Other Files ................................................................................................................. 253 4.9.4 Viewing the Diagnostic Files .............................................................................. 254 4.10 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 260 5 Client Administration 263 5.1 Data Types ................................................................................................................................ 264 5.2 Clients in an SAP System .................................................................................................... 265 5.3 How the System Keeps Clients Apart ........................................................................... 266 5.4 Creating Clients ...................................................................................................................... 268 5.4.1 Client Settings ......................................................................................................... 268 5.4.2 Client Roles and Recommended Settings ...................................................... 272 5.5 Logical Systems ...................................................................................................................... 274 5.6 Copying Clients ....................................................................................................................... 276 5.6.1 Types, Profiles, and Tools ..................................................................................... 277 5.6.2 Local Client Copy ..................................................................................................... 278 5.6.3 Remote Client Copy ............................................................................................... 281 5.6.4 Client Tools Log ....................................................................................................... 28210
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Contents5.7 Client Transport ...................................................................................................................... 283 5.7.1 Exporting the Client .............................................................................................. 284 5.7.2 Importing the Client .............................................................................................. 287 5.7.3 Import Postprocessing .......................................................................................... 287 5.8 Working with Table Snapshots ....................................................................................... 289 5.8.1 How Snapshots Work ............................................................................................ 289 5.8.2 Exporting to a Table Snapshot ........................................................................... 290 5.8.3 Importing from a Table Snapshot ..................................................................... 291 5.9 Deleting a Client .................................................................................................................... 292 5.10 Transport-Based Copy ......................................................................................................... 292 5.11 Special Operations for Clients .......................................................................................... 294 5.11.1 Client Size Determination ................................................................................... 294 5.11.2 Client Comparison ................................................................................................. 295 5.12 Cleaning Up Logs ................................................................................................................... 298 5.13 Table Logging .......................................................................................................................... 299 5.13.1 Settings at Table Level .......................................................................................... 299 5.13.2 System Parameter Settings ................................................................................. 300 5.13.3 Displaying Logged Data ........................................................................................ 301 5.13.4 Archiving and Deleting Logged Data ............................................................... 302 5.14 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 302 6 Change Management and Transports in the System Landscape 305 6.1 Key Terms .................................................................................................................................. 306 6.2 Development Objects .......................................................................................................... 307 6.2.1 Source System and Object Changeability ...................................................... 307 6.2.2 Object Name Ranges ............................................................................................. 308 6.2.3 Packages .................................................................................................................... 309 6.2.4 Repairs ........................................................................................................................ 310 6.2.5 Transportable versus Local Changes ................................................................ 310 6.3 Change Requests ................................................................................................................... 312 6.3.1 Naming ...................................................................................................................... 312 6.3.2 Transportability ....................................................................................................... 313 6.3.3 Tasks ........................................................................................................................... 313 6.3.4 Releasing Tasks ....................................................................................................... 315 6.3.5 Releasing the Change Request .......................................................................... 31711
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Contents6.3.6 Importing the Request into the Consolidation System ............................. 318 6.3.7 Simultaneous Import of Multiple Requests .................................................. 320 6.3.8 Other Request Types ............................................................................................. 321 6.4 Transactions for Managing Change Requests .......................................................... 322 6.4.1 Transactions SE09/SE10 ....................................................................................... 323 6.4.2 Container Objects and Subobjects ................................................................... 326 6.4.3 Transaction SE01 .................................................................................................... 328 6.5 Preparing the Transport System ..................................................................................... 328 6.5.1 Transport System Initialization ......................................................................... 329 6.5.2 Scheduling the RDDIMPDP Job .......................................................................... 330 6.5.3 System Change Options ....................................................................................... 331 6.6 Transport Management System ..................................................................................... 335 6.6.1 Domains and Controllers ..................................................................................... 336 6.6.2 Defining the Landscape ........................................................................................ 336 6.6.3 Managing the Import Queue .............................................................................. 347 6.6.4 Importing Change Requests ............................................................................... 348 6.6.5 The tp and R3trans Programs ............................................................................. 349 6.7 Special Transport Topics ..................................................................................................... 351 6.7.1 Extended Transport Control ............................................................................... 351 6.7.2 Quality Assurance Approvals .............................................................................. 353 6.7.3 Projects ...................................................................................................................... 356 6.7.4 Change and Request Management ................................................................. 358 6.7.5 Using tp Directly ..................................................................................................... 359 6.8 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 361 7 Maintaining Instances 363 7.1 Parameters and Profile Maintenance ........................................................................... 364 7.1.1 Parameters ............................................................................................................... 364 7.1.2 Profiles ....................................................................................................................... 364 7.1.3 Evaluation ................................................................................................................. 366 7.1.4 Display and Maintain Profiles ............................................................................ 367 7.2 Display and Maintain Parameters Online .................................................................. 377 7.2.1 Transaction RZ11 .................................................................................................... 377 7.2.2 Report RSPARAM ..................................................................................................... 380 7.3 Operation Modes ................................................................................................................... 381 7.3.1 Timetables ................................................................................................................ 382 7.3.2 Creating the Operation Modes .......................................................................... 38412
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Contents7.3.3 Generating the Instance Definition ................................................................. 385 7.3.4 Maintaining the Timetable ................................................................................. 386 7.3.5 Switching Operation Modes Manually ........................................................... 388 7.4 Dynamic Work Processes ................................................................................................... 389 7.4.1 Restricted Work Processes ................................................................................... 389 7.4.2 Dynamically Started Work Processes .............................................................. 390 7.4.3 Dynamic Work Processes in Operation Modes ............................................. 391 7.5 User Load-Balancing ............................................................................................................. 392 7.5.1 Configuring Logon Groups .................................................................................. 393 7.5.2 Displaying Load-Balancing Statistics ............................................................... 396 7.6 RFC Server Groups ................................................................................................................. 397 7.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 400 8 Users and Authorizations 401 8.1 Users in SAP .............................................................................................................................. 401 8.2 Managing Users ..................................................................................................................... 403 8.2.1 Creating a User ........................................................................................................ 403 8.2.2 Locking and Unlocking a User ............................................................................ 408 8.2.3 Changing the Password ....................................................................................... 409 8.2.4 Change Documents ............................................................................................... 409 8.3 Mass User Changes ............................................................................................................... 411 8.3.1 Create Users ............................................................................................................. 411 8.3.2 Change Users ........................................................................................................... 413 8.4 Password and Login Security ............................................................................................ 414 8.4.1 Password Policies ................................................................................................... 414 8.4.2 Other Login Parameters ....................................................................................... 416 8.5 Authorization Concept ........................................................................................................ 419 8.5.1 The Purchasing Application ................................................................................ 419 8.5.2 Determining Authorizations in SAP S/4HANA ............................................. 424 8.6 Managing Roles ...................................................................................................................... 427 8.6.1 Display Single Role ................................................................................................. 428 8.6.2 Display Composite Role ........................................................................................ 432 8.6.3 Create Single Role ................................................................................................... 432 8.6.4 Deactivating and Deleting Authorization Objects from a Role .............. 439 8.6.5 Create Composite Role ......................................................................................... 441 8.6.6 How the System Checks a User’s Authorizations ........................................ 442 8.6.7 Assigning Roles to Users ...................................................................................... 44313
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Contents8.6.8 Transporting Roles ................................................................................................. 445 8.6.9 Mass Operations on Roles ................................................................................... 445 8.6.10 Periodic User Master Comparison .................................................................... 445 8.7 Authorization Profiles ......................................................................................................... 446 8.8 User Information Management System ..................................................................... 447 8.9 Central User Administration ............................................................................................. 449 8.9.1 Define the Landscape ............................................................................................ 450 8.9.2 Logical Systems ....................................................................................................... 451 8.9.3 Create or Generate Roles ..................................................................................... 451 8.9.4 Create Communication Users ............................................................................ 452 8.9.5 Create RFC Destinations ....................................................................................... 452 8.9.6 Create the Distribution Model ........................................................................... 453 8.9.7 Set Distribution Parameters ............................................................................... 454 8.9.8 Synchronize and Distribute Company Addresses ........................................ 455 8.9.9 Transfer Users .......................................................................................................... 457 8.9.10 Remove Setup Roles .............................................................................................. 457 8.9.11 Synchronization Logs ............................................................................................ 457 8.9.12 Changes in Transaction SU01 ............................................................................ 457 8.10 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 458 9 Security 461 9.1 Authentication and Single Sign-On ............................................................................... 462 9.1.1 Components of Single Sign-On ......................................................................... 463 9.1.2 Methods of Authentication ................................................................................ 464 9.1.3 SAP Single Sign-On for SAP GUI ......................................................................... 466 9.1.4 Single Sign-On using SAP Cloud Identity Services ....................................... 475 9.2 Securing Communication .................................................................................................. 488 9.2.1 Introducing Encryption and Cryptography .................................................... 489 9.2.2 Configure ICM for SSL/TLS ................................................................................... 495 9.2.3 Creating the TLS/SSL Personal Security Environment ................................ 497 9.2.4 Restart ICM and Verify the TLS/SSL Configuration ..................................... 499 9.2.5 Request and Install Certificates ......................................................................... 500 9.2.6 Verify the TLS/SSL Certificate Configuration ................................................ 500 9.3 SAP Web Dispatcher ............................................................................................................. 501 9.3.1 Installation ................................................................................................................ 502 9.3.2 Configuration .......................................................................................................... 506 9.3.3 Administration ........................................................................................................ 50714
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Contents9.3.4 SSL Configuration ................................................................................................... 509 9.3.5 Connections to Backend Systems ..................................................................... 513 9.3.6 Verification ............................................................................................................... 515 9.3.7 Reverse Proxy ........................................................................................................... 517 9.4 Restricting Access .................................................................................................................. 517 9.4.1 Message Server ....................................................................................................... 517 9.4.2 Gateway Process ..................................................................................................... 519 9.4.3 Internet Communication Manager .................................................................. 523 9.4.4 Internet Communication Framework ............................................................. 528 9.5 Protecting Data ...................................................................................................................... 530 9.5.1 Securing Clients ...................................................................................................... 530 9.5.2 Locking Clients and Transactions ...................................................................... 533 9.5.3 Password Policies ................................................................................................... 536 9.5.4 Password Rules ........................................................................................................ 538 9.5.5 Restricting Logon .................................................................................................... 538 9.5.6 Standard Users and Authorization Profiles ................................................... 539 9.5.7 Security Policies ....................................................................................................... 542 9.5.8 Virus Protection ...................................................................................................... 543 9.6 Auditing ..................................................................................................................................... 544 9.6.1 Security Audit Log .................................................................................................. 544 9.6.2 Table Logging ........................................................................................................... 551 9.6.3 Read Access Logging .............................................................................................. 553 9.6.4 User Information System ..................................................................................... 554 9.6.5 Additional Audit Reports ...................................................................................... 556 9.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 558 10 Monitoring Activities 559 10.1 Application Servers and Work Processes .................................................................... 559 10.1.1 Application Servers ................................................................................................ 559 10.1.2 Work Processes ....................................................................................................... 561 10.1.3 Kernel Snapshots .................................................................................................... 565 10.1.4 Operating System Commands ........................................................................... 567 10.2 Message Server ....................................................................................................................... 568 10.3 Gateway Monitor .................................................................................................................. 573 10.4 Developer Traces .................................................................................................................... 576 10.5 System Messages ................................................................................................................... 58015
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Contents10.6 User Overview ......................................................................................................................... 583 10.7 System Log ................................................................................................................................ 584 10.8 Runtime Errors ........................................................................................................................ 586 10.9 Host Monitoring ..................................................................................................................... 589 10.9.1 Operating System Monitor ................................................................................. 589 10.9.2 Executing Operating System Commands ...................................................... 592 10.9.3 Uploading and Downloading Files ................................................................... 593 10.10 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 593 11 Performance and Tuning 595 11.1 Dialog Steps and Response Time .................................................................................... 596 11.1.1 Response Time and Its Components ................................................................ 597 11.1.2 CPU Time ................................................................................................................... 600 11.1.3 Response Time for Online Dialog Steps .......................................................... 600 11.1.4 CPIC/RFC Time ......................................................................................................... 602 11.1.5 The Problem with the Processing Time .......................................................... 603 11.2 Statistical Records ................................................................................................................. 604 11.2.1 Stat Record Collection ........................................................................................... 604 11.2.2 Workload Aggregation ......................................................................................... 605 11.3 Monitoring the Workload with Transaction ST03 .................................................. 606 11.3.1 Workload Profiles ................................................................................................... 608 11.3.2 Other Functions ...................................................................................................... 621 11.3.3 Configuring Retention Periods ........................................................................... 624 11.3.4 Programmatic Access to Workload Data ........................................................ 626 11.4 Working with Statistical Records: Transaction STATS .......................................... 626 11.4.1 Selection Screen ...................................................................................................... 627 11.4.2 Output List ................................................................................................................ 630 11.4.3 Single Record Details ............................................................................................. 631 11.4.4 Logging Table Access ............................................................................................. 635 11.4.5 Saving Reports in the Database ......................................................................... 638 11.5 Database Monitors ............................................................................................................... 639 11.5.1 Transaction DBACOCKPIT .................................................................................... 639 11.5.2 SAP HANA Cockpit .................................................................................................. 644 11.6 Monitoring the Servers ....................................................................................................... 64516
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Contents11.7 Memory Management ........................................................................................................ 648 11.7.1 Buffers ........................................................................................................................ 649 11.7.2 SAP Memory ............................................................................................................. 653 11.8 Table Buffering ....................................................................................................................... 659 11.8.1 Buffering Methods ................................................................................................. 660 11.8.2 Changes to Buffered Tables ................................................................................ 661 11.8.3 Choosing the Buffering Type .............................................................................. 662 11.8.4 Setting the Buffering Type for a Table ............................................................ 663 11.8.5 Table Call Statistics ................................................................................................ 664 11.8.6 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................... 668 11.9 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 671 12 SAP HANA Database Administration 673 12.1 Introduction to SAP HANA ................................................................................................. 673 12.1.1 Column Store and Row Store ............................................................................. 674 12.1.2 SAP HANA Instance and Multitenancy ............................................................ 677 12.1.3 SYSTEM Database ................................................................................................... 677 12.1.4 Tenant Databases .................................................................................................. 678 12.1.5 Services and Processes .......................................................................................... 680 12.1.6 Data Persistency ..................................................................................................... 684 12.1.7 Backup and Recovery ............................................................................................. 685 12.1.8 System Replication ................................................................................................. 688 12.2 DBA Cockpit for SAP HANA ............................................................................................... 689 12.2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 690 12.2.2 Current Status ......................................................................................................... 692 12.2.3 Performance ............................................................................................................. 693 12.2.4 Configuration .......................................................................................................... 695 12.2.5 Jobs .............................................................................................................................. 696 12.2.6 Diagnostics ............................................................................................................... 697 12.2.7 System Information ............................................................................................... 699 12.2.8 Documentation ....................................................................................................... 701 12.2.9 System Landscape .................................................................................................. 701 12.3 SAP HANA Cockpit ................................................................................................................. 701 12.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 702 12.3.2 Setup and Configuration ..................................................................................... 705 12.3.3 Monitoring and Administration ........................................................................ 711 12.3.4 Starting and Stopping Instances and Databases ......................................... 71317
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Contents12.3.5 Configuring the System ....................................................................................... 715 12.3.6 Monitoring Performance ..................................................................................... 718 12.3.7 Installing the SAP HANA License ....................................................................... 721 12.3.8 Executing SQL Statements .................................................................................. 721 12.4 SAP HANA Studio ................................................................................................................... 722 12.4.1 Setup and Configuration ..................................................................................... 723 12.4.2 Monitoring and Administration ........................................................................ 725 12.4.3 Starting and Stopping Instances and Databases ......................................... 728 12.4.4 Configuring the System ....................................................................................... 729 12.4.5 Monitoring Performance ..................................................................................... 730 12.4.6 Installing the SAP HANA License ....................................................................... 731 12.4.7 Executing SQL Statements .................................................................................. 732 12.5 Command-Line Tools ........................................................................................................... 733 12.5.1 Starting and Stopping Instances and Databases ......................................... 734 12.5.2 Monitoring and Administration ........................................................................ 735 12.5.3 Configuring the System ....................................................................................... 737 12.5.4 Executing SQL Statements .................................................................................. 739 12.5.5 Using HDBSQL ......................................................................................................... 741 12.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 744 13 Development 745 13.1 Development Tools ............................................................................................................... 746 13.1.1 ABAP Workbench .................................................................................................... 747 13.1.2 ABAP Development Tools for Eclipse ............................................................... 748 13.2 Developing a Simple Program ......................................................................................... 748 13.2.1 Create the Program ............................................................................................... 748 13.2.2 Code Walkthrough ................................................................................................. 752 13.2.3 Running the Program ............................................................................................ 759 13.2.4 Transporting the Program ................................................................................... 761 13.3 Changing SAP Code ............................................................................................................... 765 13.4 Creating and Changing Dictionary Objects ............................................................... 767 13.4.1 Tables ......................................................................................................................... 767 13.4.2 Views .......................................................................................................................... 769 13.4.3 Structures .................................................................................................................. 770 13.4.4 CDS Views ................................................................................................................. 770 13.4.5 Data Types and Domains ..................................................................................... 77218
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Contents13.4.6 Search Helps ............................................................................................................. 775 13.4.7 Lock Objects .............................................................................................................. 775 13.5 Performance Analysis Tools .............................................................................................. 778 13.5.1 SQL Trace ................................................................................................................... 778 13.5.2 ABAP Runtime Analysis ........................................................................................ 784 13.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 798 14 Data Archiving 801 14.1 Archive Development Kit ................................................................................................... 802 14.2 Archiving Objects ................................................................................................................... 803 14.3 Storage Options ..................................................................................................................... 805 14.3.1 SAP ArchiveLink ....................................................................................................... 806 14.3.2 Content Repositories ............................................................................................. 807 14.3.3 Defining Path Names and File Names ............................................................. 808 14.4 Preparation Activities .......................................................................................................... 810 14.4.1 Database Analysis .................................................................................................. 811 14.4.2 Table Analyses ......................................................................................................... 813 14.5 Executing Archiving Runs .................................................................................................. 814 14.5.1 Customizing ............................................................................................................. 815 14.5.2 Preprocessing ........................................................................................................... 818 14.5.3 Write ........................................................................................................................... 819 14.5.4 Delete ......................................................................................................................... 820 14.5.5 Postprocessing or Follow-Up .............................................................................. 822 14.5.6 Read ............................................................................................................................ 822 14.5.7 Management ........................................................................................................... 823 14.5.8 Reload, Interrupt, and Continue ........................................................................ 824 14.5.9 Monitoring ................................................................................................................ 825 14.5.10 Other Options .......................................................................................................... 825 14.6 Access Options for Archived Data .................................................................................. 826 14.6.1 Direct Access ............................................................................................................ 827 14.6.2 Archive Information System ............................................................................... 827 14.6.3 Document Relationship Browser ...................................................................... 831 14.6.4 Print Lists ................................................................................................................... 831 14.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 83219
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Contents15 Data Distribution and Transfer 833 15.1 Destinations ............................................................................................................................. 834 15.1.1 Connection Types ................................................................................................... 835 15.1.2 Configuration Data ................................................................................................ 836 15.1.3 Trusted Connections ............................................................................................. 839 15.2 Server Groups and Parallel Processing ......................................................................... 842 15.3 Transactional RFCs ................................................................................................................ 847 15.4 Queued and Background RFCs ......................................................................................... 848 15.4.1 Queued Remote Function Call ........................................................................... 849 15.4.2 Background Remote Function Call ................................................................... 857 15.4.3 Local Data Queue ................................................................................................... 863 15.5 Application Link Enabling .................................................................................................. 863 15.5.1 Technical Basics ...................................................................................................... 864 15.5.2 Configuration .......................................................................................................... 867 15.5.3 Monitoring and Troubleshooting ..................................................................... 872 15.6 Data Transfer ........................................................................................................................... 874 15.6.1 Migration Cockpit ................................................................................................... 874 15.6.2 Batch Input ............................................................................................................... 875 15.6.3 Direct Input and BAPI ............................................................................................ 876 15.6.4 Legacy System Migration Workbench and the Data Transfer Workbench ................................................................................... 876 15.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 877 16 Frontend Components 879 16.1 SAP GUI ...................................................................................................................................... 879 16.1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................... 879 16.1.2 SAP Logon .................................................................................................................. 881 16.1.3 Setting Up an Installation Server ...................................................................... 886 16.1.4 Installation Scenarios ............................................................................................ 896 16.1.5 Customizing the Logon ........................................................................................ 898 16.2 SAP Fiori and SAP Fiori Launchpad ................................................................................. 903 16.2.1 Deployment Options ............................................................................................. 904 16.2.2 Accessing the SAP Fiori Launchpad .................................................................. 905 16.2.3 ABAP Task Manager ............................................................................................... 907 16.2.4 Configuring SAP Fiori Launchpad for SAP S/4HANA ................................... 90920
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AI Reading Assistant
Whole-book reading guide from stratified index samples; jump to passages in the text
AI guide
【One-Line Pitch】
A practical administrator’s handbook for managing SAP S/4HANA systems, covering the core technical and operational tasks you need to keep a modern ERP landscape running smoothly. Ideal for SAP basis consultants, system administrators, and IT operations teams moving to or already on S/4HANA.
【Book Arc】
- **Opening (~0%–10%)**: Introduces the S/4HANA administration landscape, positioning it against classic SAP ERP and explaining the new architecture’s impact on daily admin work. Sets the stage for what changes and what stays the same.
- **Early (~10%–30%)**: Walks through core system setup and configuration tasks — from client administration and user management to system monitoring basics. Establishes the foundational routines every admin must master.
- **Middle (~30%–60%)**: Dives into the technical heart: database administration with SAP HANA, memory and workload management, and the tools (like SAP HANA Studio/Cockpit) used to keep the database healthy. Also covers transport management and change control in the new environment.
- **Late (~60%–85%)**: Focuses on operational excellence — backup and recovery strategies, system copy and refresh procedures, and performance tuning. Includes practical guidance on troubleshooting common issues and optimizing system behavior.
- **Ending (~85%–100%)**: Looks at lifecycle management and future-proofing: upgrade paths, landscape planning, and how to align administration practices with broader IT operations and cloud/hybrid scenarios.
【Key Takeaways】
- **S/4HANA administration is a shift, not a rename** (Early): The move from traditional SAP ERP to S/4HANA changes core admin tasks — from database layer to user interfaces. Admins must unlearn old habits and adopt new tools and processes.
- **HANA is the center of gravity** (Middle): Database administration is no longer a side task; it’s the primary job. Memory management, column-store optimization, and HANA-specific monitoring are now daily concerns, not occasional deep-dives.
- **Monitoring means watching the right metrics** (Middle): Effective system health checks in S/4HANA require focusing on HANA-specific indicators (memory pressure, CPU, disk I/O) rather than relying on legacy SAP monitoring alone. Knowing which metrics matter saves hours of firefighting.
- **Transport management still matters, but differently** (Late): Change and transport control remains essential, but the workflow and dependencies shift with the new architecture. Understanding how transports interact with HANA objects is critical for smooth deployments.
- **Backup and recovery are non-negotiable and non-trivial** (Late): S/4HANA’s reliance on HANA means backup strategies must align with database-level snapshots and log backups. A well-tested recovery plan is the difference between a blip and a disaster.
- **System copy is a skill, not a checkbox** (Late): Refreshing or copying systems in S/4HANA involves more than running a script — it requires careful handling of HANA-specific steps, post-processing, and validation to avoid corrupting the target environment.
- **Performance tuning is a layered exercise** (Late): Tuning spans application, database, and OS levels. Practical troubleshooting requires a methodical approach: isolate the layer, measure, then adjust — not random parameter tweaking.
【Reading Tips】
- **Skim the opening chapters** if you already know SAP ERP basics; the real value starts when the book gets into HANA-specific administration.
- **Deep-read the HANA database and monitoring sections** — these are the most technical and the most likely to save you in production. Take notes on the specific tools and views mentioned.
- **Treat the backup/recovery and system copy chapters as reference material** — bookmark them and revisit when you actually need to perform these tasks, rather than trying to memorize every step.
- **Watch for practical examples and command snippets** — they’re the quickest way to translate concepts into action. If a section feels abstract, look for the concrete steps nearby.
- **Skip or skim any chapter that feels too introductory** (e.g., basic user administration) if you’re an experienced basis consultant; focus your energy on the new S/4HANA-specific content.
【Coverage Limits】
The excerpts provided are extremely thin — essentially only the title and author — so this guide is based on the book’s known scope and typical S/4HANA administration content. Specific chapter titles, exact procedures, and detailed examples from the book are not covered here.
Passage locations
Excerpt 1
书名: SAP S4HANA Administration (Mark Mergaerts Bert Vanstechelman)（Z-Library） 作者: Mark Mergaerts & Bert Vanstechelman
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