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Cybersecurity All-in-One For Dummies (Joseph Steinberg, Kevin Beaver, Ira Winkler etc.)(Z-Library)

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Cybersecurity All-in-One For Dummies (Joseph Steinberg, Kevin Beaver, Ira Winkler etc.)(Z-Library)

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Cybersecurity
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Over 700 pages of insight into all things cybersecurity Cybersecurity All-in-One For Dummies covers a lot of ground in the world of keeping computer systems safe from those who want to break in. This book offers a one-stop resource on cybersecurity basics, personal security, business security, cloud security, security testing, and security awareness. Filled with content to help with both personal and business cybersecurity needs, this book shows you how to lock down your computers, devices, and systems—and explains why doing so is more important now than ever. Dig in for info on what kind of risks are out there, how to protect a variety of devices, strategies for testing your security, securing cloud data, and steps for creating an awareness program in an organization. - Explore the basics of cybersecurity at home and in business - Learn how to secure your devices, data, and cloud-based assets - Test your security to find holes and vulnerabilities before hackers do - Create a culture of cybersecurity throughout an entire organization This For Dummies All-in-One is a stellar reference for business owners and IT support pros who need a guide to making smart security choices. Any tech user with concerns about privacy and protection will also love this comprehensive guide.

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Cybersecurity A L L - I N - O N E by Joseph Steinberg; Kevin Beaver; Ted Coombs; and Ira Winkler
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Cybersecurity All-in-One For Dummies® Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com Copyright © 2023 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Media and software compilation copyright © 2023 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/ permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: WHILE THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHORS HAVE USED THEIR BEST EFFORTS IN PREPARING THIS WORK, THEY MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES REPRESENTATIVES, WRITTEN SALES MATERIALS OR PROMOTIONAL STATEMENTS FOR THIS WORK. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION, WEBSITE, OR PRODUCT IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/ OR POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHORS ENDORSE THE INFORMATION OR SERVICES THE ORGANIZATION, WEBSITE, OR PRODUCT MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR YOUR SITUATION. YOU SHOULD CONSULT WITH A SPECIALIST WHERE APPROPRIATE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR AUTHORS SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFIT OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR OTHER DAMAGES. For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit https://hub.wiley.com/community/support/dummies. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Control Number: 2022950725 ISBN 978-1-394-15285-8 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-394-15286-5 (ePDF); ISBN 978-1-394-15287-2 (epub)
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Contents at a Glance Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Book 1: Cybersecurity Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 CHAPTER 1: What Exactly Is Cybersecurity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 CHAPTER 2: Getting to Know Common Cyberattacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 CHAPTER 3: The Bad Guys You Must Defend Against . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Book 2: Personal Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 CHAPTER 1: Evaluating Your Current Cybersecurity Posture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 CHAPTER 2: Enhancing Physical Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 CHAPTER 3: Cybersecurity Considerations When Working from Home . . . . . . . . . . 103 CHAPTER 4: Securing Your Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 CHAPTER 5: Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 CHAPTER 6: Preventing Social Engineering Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Book 3: Securing a Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 CHAPTER 1: Securing Your Small Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 CHAPTER 2: Cybersecurity and Big Businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 CHAPTER 3: Identifying a Security Breach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 CHAPTER 4: Recovering from a Security Breach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 CHAPTER 5: Backing Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 CHAPTER 6: Resetting Your Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 CHAPTER 7: Restoring from Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Book 4: Securing the Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 CHAPTER 1: Clouds Aren’t Bulletproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 CHAPTER 2: Getting Down to Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 CHAPTER 3: Developing Secure Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 CHAPTER 4: Restricting Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 CHAPTER 5: Implementing Zero Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 CHAPTER 6: Using Cloud Security Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Book 5: Testing Your Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Vulnerability and Penetration Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 CHAPTER 2: Cracking the Hacker Mindset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 CHAPTER 3: Developing Your Security Testing Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 CHAPTER 4: Hacking Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
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CHAPTER 5: Information Gathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 CHAPTER 6: Social Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 CHAPTER 7: Physical Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 Book 6: Enhancing Cybersecurity Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 CHAPTER 1: Knowing How Security Awareness Programs Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 CHAPTER 2: Creating a Security Awareness Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 CHAPTER 3: Determining Culture and Business Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559 CHAPTER 4: Choosing the Best Tools for the Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 CHAPTER 5: Measuring Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 CHAPTER 6: Assembling Your Security Awareness Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 CHAPTER 7: Running Your Security Awareness Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621 CHAPTER 8: Implementing Gamification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
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Table of Contents v Table of Contents INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 About This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Foolish Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Icons Used in This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Beyond the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Where to Go from Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 BOOK 1: CYBERSECURITY BASICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 CHAPTER 1: What Exactly Is Cybersecurity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Cybersecurity Means Different Things to Different Folks . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Cybersecurity Is a Constantly Moving Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Technological changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Social shifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Economic model shifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Political shifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Looking at the Risks Cybersecurity Mitigates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 The goal of cybersecurity: The CIA Triad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 From a human perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 CHAPTER 2: Getting to Know Common Cyberattacks . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Attacks That Inflict Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Botnets and zombies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Data destruction attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Is That Really You? Impersonation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Phishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Spear phishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 CEO fraud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Smishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Vishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Pharming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Whaling: Going for the “big fish” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Messing around with Other People’s Stuff: Tampering . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Captured in Transit: Interception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Man-in-the-middle attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Taking What Isn’t Theirs: Data Theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Personal data theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Business data theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
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vi Cybersecurity All-in-One For Dummies Data exfiltration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Compromised credentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Forced policy violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Cyberbombs That Sneak into Your Devices: Malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Trojans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Ransomware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Scareware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Spyware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Cryptocurrency miners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Adware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Blended malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Zero-day malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Fake malware on computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Fake malware on mobile devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Fake security subscription renewal notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Poisoned Web Service Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Network Infrastructure Poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Malvertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Drive-by downloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Stealing passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Exploiting Maintenance Difficulties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Advanced Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Opportunistic attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Targeted attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Blended (opportunistic and targeted) attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Some Technical Attack Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Rootkits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Brute-force attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Injection attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Session hijacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Malformed URL attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Buffer overflow attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 CHAPTER 3: The Bad Guys You Must Defend Against . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Bad Guys and Good Guys Are Relative Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Bad Guys Up to No Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Script kiddies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Kids who are not kiddies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Terrorists and other rogue groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Nations and states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Corporate spies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Criminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Hacktivists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
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Table of Contents vii Cyberattackers and Their Colored Hats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 How Cybercriminals Monetize Their Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Direct financial fraud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Indirect financial fraud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Ransomware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Cryptominers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Not All Dangers Come From Attackers: Dealing with Nonmalicious Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Human error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 External disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Defending against These Attackers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 BOOK 2: PERSONAL CYBERSECURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 CHAPTER 1: Evaluating Your Current Cybersecurity Posture . . . 71 Don’t be Achilles: Identifying Ways You May Be Less than Secure . . . .71 Your home computer(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Your mobile devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Your Internet of Things (IoT) devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Your networking equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Your work environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Identifying Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Protecting against Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Perimeter defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Firewall/router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Security software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Your physical computer(s) and any other endpoints . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Detecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Responding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Recovering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Improving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Evaluating Your Current Security Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Privacy 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Think before you share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Think before you post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 General privacy tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Banking Online Safely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Safely Using Smart Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Cryptocurrency Security 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
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viii Cybersecurity All-in-One For Dummies CHAPTER 2: Enhancing Physical Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Understanding Why Physical Security Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Taking Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Stationary devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Mobile devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Locating Your Vulnerable Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Creating and Executing a Physical Security Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 Implementing Physical Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 Security for Mobile Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 Realizing That Insiders Pose the Greatest Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 CHAPTER 3: Cybersecurity Considerations When Working from Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Network Security Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Device Security Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 Location Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Shoulder surfing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Eavesdropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Human errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Video Conferencing Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Keep private stuff out of camera view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Keep video conferences secure from unauthorized visitors . . . . .109 Social Engineering Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Regulatory Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 CHAPTER 4: Securing Your Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Realizing You’re a Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 Securing Your External Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Securing Data Associated with User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Conduct business with reputable parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Use official apps and websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Don’t install software from untrusted parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Don’t root your phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Don’t provide unnecessary sensitive information . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Use payment services that eliminate the need to share credit card numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Use one-time, virtual credit card numbers when appropriate . . .117 Monitor your accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Report suspicious activity ASAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Employ a proper password strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Utilize multifactor authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Log out when you’re finished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 Use your own computer or phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
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Table of Contents ix Lock your computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 Use a separate, dedicated computer for sensitive tasks . . . . . . . .121 Use a separate, dedicated browser for sensitive web-based tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Secure your access devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Keep your devices up to date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Don’t perform sensitive tasks over public Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Never use public Wi-Fi in high-risk places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Access your accounts only in safe locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Use appropriate devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Set appropriate limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Use alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Periodically check access device lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Check last login info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Respond appropriately to any fraud alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Never send sensitive information over an unencrypted connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Beware of social engineering attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 Establish voice login passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Protect your cellphone number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Don’t click on links in emails or text messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Securing Data with Parties You’ve Interacted With . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Securing Data at Parties You Haven’t Interacted With . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 Securing Data by Not Connecting Hardware with Unknown Pedigrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 CHAPTER 5: Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Passwords: The Primary Form of Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Avoiding Simplistic Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Password Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Easily guessable personal passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Complicated passwords aren’t always better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Different levels of sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 Your most sensitive passwords may not be the ones you think . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 You can reuse passwords — sometimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Consider using a password manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Creating Memorable, Strong Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138 Knowing When to Change Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 Changing Passwords after a Breach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 Providing Passwords to Humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 Storing Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 Storing passwords for your heirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 Storing general passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
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x Cybersecurity All-in-One For Dummies Transmitting Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 Discovering Alternatives to Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 Biometric authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 SMS-based authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 App-based one-time passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 Hardware token authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 USB-based authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146 CHAPTER 6: Preventing Social Engineering Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Don’t Trust Technology More than You Would People . . . . . . . . . . . .147 Types of Social Engineering Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 Six Principles Social Engineers Exploit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151 Don’t Overshare on Social Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152 Your schedule and travel plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 Financial information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154 Personal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154 Work information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 Possible cybersecurity issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 Crimes and minor infractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 Medical or legal advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 Your location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 Your birthday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 Your “sins” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 Leaking Data by Sharing Information as Part of Viral Trends . . . . . . .157 Identifying Fake Social Media Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 Photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159 Friends or connections in common . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159 Relevant posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 Number of connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 Industry and location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 Similar people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 Duplicate contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 Contact details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 Premium status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 LinkedIn endorsements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Group activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Appropriate levels of relative usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Human activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Cliché names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 Poor contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 Skill sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Age of an account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
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Table of Contents xi Suspicious career or life path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Level or celebrity status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165 Using Bogus Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165 Using Security Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166 General Cyberhygiene Can Help Prevent Social Engineering . . . . . . .167 BOOK 3: SECURING A BUSINESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 CHAPTER 1: Securing Your Small Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Making Sure Someone Is In Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171 Watching Out for Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 Incentivize employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Avoid giving out the keys to the castle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Give everyone separate credentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Restrict administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Limit access to corporate accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Implement employee policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176 Enforce social media policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 Monitor employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 Dealing with a Remote Workforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Use work devices and separate work networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Set up virtual private networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 Create standardized communication protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182 Use a known network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182 Determine how backups are handled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 Be careful where you work remotely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 Be extra vigilant regarding social engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 Considering Cybersecurity Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 Complying with Regulations and Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 Protecting employee data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 PCI DSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 Breach disclosure laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 GDPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 HIPAA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 Biometric data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 Anti-money laundering laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 International sanctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 Handling Internet Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 Segregate Internet access for personal devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 Create bring your own device (BYOD) policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 Properly handle inbound access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 Protect against denial-of-service attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 Use https . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 Use a VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
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xii Cybersecurity All-in-One For Dummies Run penetration tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Be careful with IoT devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Use multiple network segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Be careful with payment cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 Managing Power Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 CHAPTER 2: Cybersecurity and Big Businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Utilizing Technological Complexity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196 Managing Custom Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196 Continuity Planning and Disaster Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 Looking at Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 Sarbanes Oxley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 Stricter PCI requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199 Public company data disclosure rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199 Breach disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199 Industry-specific regulators and rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200 Fiduciary responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200 Deep pockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201 Deeper Pockets — and Insured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201 Considering Employees, Consultants, and Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202 Dealing with internal politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 Offering information security training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 Replicated environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 Looking at the Chief Information Security Officer’s Role . . . . . . . . . . .204 Overall security program management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204 Test and measurement of the security program . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204 Human risk management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Information asset classification and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Security operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Information security strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Identity and access management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Data loss prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 Fraud prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 Incident response plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 Disaster recovery and business continuity planning . . . . . . . . . . .207 Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 Physical security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 Security architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 Geopolitical risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 Ensuring auditability of system administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 Cybersecurity insurance compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
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Table of Contents xiii CHAPTER 3: Identifying a Security Breach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Identifying Overt Breaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212 Ransomware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212 Defacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213 Claimed destruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213 Detecting Covert Breaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214 Your device seems slower than before . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 Your Task Manager doesn’t run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 Your Registry Editor doesn’t run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 Your device starts suffering from latency issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216 Your device starts suffering from communication and buffering issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 Your device’s settings have changed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218 Your device is sending or receiving strange email messages . . . .218 Your device is sending or receiving strange text messages . . . . .218 New software (including apps) is installed on your device — and you didn’t install it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218 Your device’s battery seems to drain more quickly than before . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 Your device seems to run hotter than before . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 File contents have been changed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220 Files are missing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220 Websites appear different than before . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220 Your Internet settings show a proxy, and you never set one up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220 Some programs (or apps) stop working properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 Security programs have turned off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 An increased use of data or text messaging (SMS) . . . . . . . . . . . . .222 Increased network traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222 Unusual open ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222 Your device starts crashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223 Your cellphone bill shows unexpected charges up to here . . . . .224 Unknown programs request access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224 External devices power on unexpectedly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224 Your device acts as if someone else were using it . . . . . . . . . . . . .224 New browser search engine default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224 Your device password has changed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 Pop-ups start appearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 New browser add-ons appear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 New browser home page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226 Your email from the device is getting blocked by spam filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226 Your device is attempting to access “bad” sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226 You’re experiencing unusual service disruptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226 Your device’s language settings changed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
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xiv Cybersecurity All-in-One For Dummies You see unexplained activity on the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 You see unexplained online activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 Your device suddenly restarts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 You see signs of data breaches and/or leaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228 You are routed to the wrong website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228 Your hard drive or SSD light never seems to turn off . . . . . . . . . .228 Other abnormal things happen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228 CHAPTER 4: Recovering from a Security Breach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth Many Tons of Response . . . . . . . .229 Stay Calm and Act Now with Wisdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230 Bring in a Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230 Recovering from a Breach without a Pro’s Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231 Step 1: Figure out what happened or is happening . . . . . . . . . . . .231 Step 2: Contain the attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 Step 3: Terminate and eliminate the attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Reinstall Damaged Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Restart the system and run an updated security scan . . . . . . . . .237 Erase all potentially problematic System Restore points . . . . . . .237 Restore modified settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Rebuild the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Dealing with Stolen Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240 Paying ransoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 Learning for the future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 Recovering When Your Data Is Compromised at a Third Party . . . . .243 Reason the notice was sent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244 Scams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244 Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Payment card information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246 Government-issued documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246 School or employer-issued documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 Social media accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 CHAPTER 5: Backing Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Backing Up Is a Must . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249 Backing Up Data from Apps and Online Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250 SMS texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 Social media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 WhatsApp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 Google Photos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 Other apps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 Backing Up Data on Smartphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 Android . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 Apple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
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Table of Contents xv Conducting Cryptocurrency Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 Backing Up Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 Looking at the Different Types of Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 Full backups of systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 Original system images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 Later system images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 Original installation media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 Downloaded software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258 Full backups of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258 Incremental backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259 Differential backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259 Mixed backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260 Continuous backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260 Partial backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Folder backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Drive backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262 Virtual drive backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262 Exclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263 In-app backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264 Figuring Out How Often You Should Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 Exploring Backup Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Backup software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Drive-specific backup software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Windows Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Smartphone/tablet backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268 Manual file or folder copying backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268 Automated task file or folder copying backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Creating a Boot Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Knowing Where to Back Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270 Local storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270 Offsite storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270 Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 Network storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 Mixing locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272 Knowing Where Not to Store Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273 Encrypting Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273 Testing Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274 Disposing of Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274 CHAPTER 6: Resetting Your Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Exploring Two Types of Resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Soft resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278 Hard resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280 Rebuilding Your Device after a Hard Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286
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xvi Cybersecurity All-in-One For Dummies CHAPTER 7: Restoring from Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 You Will Need to Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 Wait! Do Not Restore Yet! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288 Restoring Data to Apps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288 Restoring from Full Backups of Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289 Restoring to the computing device that was originally backed up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289 Restoring to a different device than the one that was originally backed up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290 Original system images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291 Later system images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291 Installing security software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291 Original installation media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 Downloaded software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 Restoring from full backups of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293 Restoring from Incremental Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294 Incremental backups of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294 Incremental backups of systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 Differential backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 Continuous backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296 Partial backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296 Folder backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 Drive backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Virtual-drive backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Dealing with Deletions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299 Excluding Files and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299 Understanding Archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301 Multiple files stored within one file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301 Old live data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301 Old versions of files, folders, or backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302 Restoring Using Backup Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302 Restoring from a Windows backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303 Restoring to a system restore point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304 Restoring from a smartphone/tablet backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304 Restoring from manual file or folder copying backups . . . . . . . . .305 Utilizing third-party backups of data hosted at third parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305 Returning Backups to Their Proper Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306 Network storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306 Restoring from a combination of locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306 Restoring to Non-Original Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306 Never Leave Your Backups Connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 Restoring from Encrypted Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 Testing Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 Restoring Cryptocurrency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308 Booting from a Boot Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309
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Table of Contents xvii BOOK 4: SECURING THE CLOUD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 CHAPTER 1: Clouds Aren’t Bulletproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Knowing Your Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314 Discovering the company jewels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314 Initiating your plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314 Automating the discovery process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315 Knowing Your SLA Agreements with Service Providers . . . . . . . . . . . .316 Where is the security? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317 Knowing your part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317 Building Your Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318 Finding the right people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318 Including stakeholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318 Creating a Risk Management Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320 Identifying the risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320 Assessing the consequences of disaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321 Pointing fingers at the right people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322 Disaster planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322 When Security Is Your Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323 Determining which assets to protect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323 Knowing your possible threat level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326 Van Gogh with it (paint a picture of your scenario) . . . . . . . . . . . .327 Setting up a risk assessment database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328 Avoiding Security Work with the Help of the Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330 Having someone else ensure physical security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331 Making sure providers have controls to separate customer data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331 Recognizing that cloud service providers can offer better security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331 CHAPTER 2: Getting Down to Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Negotiating the Shared Responsibility Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334 Coloring inside the lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334 Learning what to expect from a data center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335 Taking responsibility for your 75 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337 SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, AaaA! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337 SaaS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337 SaaS security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338 PaaS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339 PaaS security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339 IaaS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340 IaaS security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340 FaaS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341 SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, FaaS responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341
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xviii Cybersecurity All-in-One For Dummies Managing Your Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341 Restricting access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342 Assessing supply chain risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343 Managing virtual devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344 Application auditing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344 Managing Security for Devices Not Under Your Control . . . . . . . . . . .345 Inventorying devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345 Using a CASB solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346 Applying Security Patches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347 Looking Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348 CHAPTER 3: Developing Secure Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 Turbocharging Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349 No more waterfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350 CI/CD: Continuous integration/continuous delivery . . . . . . . . . . . .352 Shifting left and adding security in development . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352 Tackling security sooner rather than later . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352 Putting security controls in place first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354 Circling back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354 Implementing DevSecOps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355 Automating Testing during Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355 Using static and dynamic code analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356 Taking steps in automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357 Leveraging software composition analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358 Proving the job has been done right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360 Logging and monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360 Ensuring data accountability, data assurance, and data dependability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361 Running Your Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362 Taking advantage of cloud agnostic integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363 Recognizing the down sides of cloud agnostic development . . . .364 Getting started down the cloud agnostic path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365 Like DevOps but for Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366 Testing, 1-2-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368 Is this thing working? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368 Working well with others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369 Baking in trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369 DevSecOps for DataOps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370 Considering data security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371 Ending data siloes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372 Developing your data store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372 Meeting the Challenges of DataSecOps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374 Understanding That No Cloud Is Perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376
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