Main subject categories: • Numerical computation • Symbolic computation • Programming languages
MATLAB Symbolic Math Toolbox User's Guide 2023, Revised for Version 23.2 (R2023b), September 2023
Symbolic Math Toolbox provides functions for solving, plotting, and manipulating symbolic math equations. You can create, run, and share symbolic math code. In the MATLAB Live Editor, you can get next-step suggestions for symbolic workflows. The toolbox provides functions in common mathematical areas such as calculus, linear algebra, algebraic and differential equations, equation simplification, and equation manipulation.
Symbolic Math Toolbox lets you analytically perform differentiation, integration, simplification, transforms, and equation solving. You can perform dimensional computations and convert between units. Your computations can be performed either analytically or using variable-precision arithmetic, with the results displayed in mathematical typeset.
You can share your symbolic work with other MATLAB users as live scripts or convert them to HTML, Word, LaTeX, or PDF documents. You can generate MATLAB functions, Simulink function blocks, and Simscape equations directly from symbolic expressions.
AI Reading Assistant
Whole-book reading guide from stratified index samples; jump to passages in the text
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【One-Line Pitch】
A practical, example-driven reference for anyone who needs to do calculus, linear algebra, equation solving, or unit-aware computation symbolically inside MATLAB—and then turn those exact results into code, documents, or Simulink/Simscape models. Best for engineers, scientists, and students already comfortable with MATLAB who want analytical answers rather than floating-point approximations.
【Book Arc】
- **Opening (~0%–10%)**: Orients you to symbolic workflows—creating symbolic variables with `syms`, differentiating and integrating expressions, and understanding how `sym` converts floating-point numbers into exact rational or expanded forms. Establishes the core mental model: exact math first, numeric evaluation later.
- **Early (~10%–32%)**: Moves through the mathematics core—calculus (limits, extrema, asymptotes), linear algebra (SVD, eigenvalues, Jordan form), differential algebraic equations, transforms, and unit/dimensional computation—then pivots to code generation via `matlabFunction`, including optimized intermediate variables and solver speedups from symbolic gradients/Hessians.
- **Middle (~39%–48%)**: Becomes a function reference. Alphabetical entries (e.g., `airy`, `asech`, `bernstein`, `ccode`, `cosint`, `dawson`) document syntax, examples, version history, and cross-references—useful for lookup rather than linear reading.
- **Late (~beyond 48%)**: Excerpts thin out here; the guide does not cover the later migration, deployment, or sharing chapters in detail. Treat the back half as reference territory to consult on demand.
【Key Takeaways】
- **Symbolic work starts with exact representation** (Opening): `syms` creates variables and `sym` controls how decimals become exact forms—rational by default, or floating-point expansion with flags—so results stay precise until you choose to approximate.
- **Calculus is the toolbox's center of gravity** (Early): differentiation (including higher-order and mixed partials), indefinite/definite and multivariable integration, limits, and extrema-finding are all first-class, with default integration variables chosen by proximity to `x`.
- **Symbolic results feed numerical solvers** (Early): `matlabFunction` converts expressions into function handles or files, and supplying symbolic gradients/Hessians to `fmincon` measurably cuts iterations—symbolic and numeric workflows are complementary, not separate.
- **DAE workflows bridge modeling and simulation** (Early): functions like `reduceDAEIndex`, `massMatrixForm`, and `daeFunction` let you lower high-index differential-algebraic systems into forms numerical solvers can handle.
- **Units and dimensions are computable** (Opening): the toolbox supports dimensional analysis and unit conversion with SI prefixes, useful for physically grounded engineering calculations.
- **The function reference is lookup-oriented** (Middle): alphabetical entries give syntax, examples, and version history—read them when you need a specific special function, not cover to cover.
- **Simplification can trade stability for elegance** (Middle): the Bernstein example shows a simplified high-order polynomial may be numerically unstable, so verify simplified forms before trusting them numerically.
- **Live Editor accelerates symbolic workflows** (Opening): next-step suggestions and interactive tasks (simplify, solve) lower the barrier for exploratory symbolic work.
【Reading Tips】
- Skim the Opening chapters for the `syms`/`sym` mental model, then deep-read the calculus and code-generation sections—those carry the most transferable technique.
- Treat the Middle function reference as a dictionary: jump to entries by name rather than reading sequentially.
- Watch the numerical-stability caveat around simplification; always sanity-check simplified symbolic results against the original numerically.
- If you use optimization or simulation, focus on the `matlabFunction` and DAE material—it's where symbolic math pays off in practice.
【Coverage Limits】
Excerpts concentrate on the opening through mid-book mathematics and function reference; later chapters on migration, sharing, and deployment are only lightly represented, so this guide cannot fully map the book's back half.
Excerpt 1
Expressions You can perform symbolic integration including: • Indefinite and definite integration • Integration of multivariable expressions For in-depth inf...
2 + y t 2 = r2 vars = [x(t), y(t), F(t)] vars = x t y t F t Rewrite this DAE system to a system of first-order differential algebraic equations. 3-82 3 Mathe...
ate variables can make the resulting code more efficient by reusing intermediate expressions (such as t4, t6, t8, t9, and t10 in the calculation of F). Using...
sing intermediate variables named t0, t1, and so on. syms x f = diff(tan(x)); ccode(f,'File','ccodetest.c') t0 = pow(tan(x),2.0)+1.0; Include the comment Ver...
tor containing symbols. The symbols can appear in any order. You do not need to specify all three characteristics (line style, marker, and color). For exampl...
trix on page 7-864 of symbolic function f with respect to v. The (i,j) element of the result is ∂ f i ∂v j . Examples Jacobian of Vector Function The Jacobia...
symbolic expressions or functions. var — Expansion variable symbolic variable Expansion variable, specified as a symbolic variable. If you do not specify var...
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